Working of
Transformer:-
What is transformer?
An apparatus used for
reducing or increasing the voltage of alternating current is known as
transformer.
OR
Transformer is a static device
which is used to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit
(which are electrically isolated but magnetically coupled) without changing
frequency.
Principle of
Transformer:-
Transformer works on the principle
of mutually induced EMF. When an AC supply is connected to the primary winding
this AC current will produce a changing magnetic field surrounding the primary
winding. This changing magnetic flux or field will travel through the core and
links with the secondary winding to induce an EMF in the coil.
Types of
Transformer:-
There are many types of transformer
based on their construction, supply, uses, cooling, voltage, etc.
Some of them are: - core type and
shell type X’mer, step up and step down X’mer, auto X’mer.
Note: - transformer
is denoted by X’mer.
Faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction:-
1st law :-
Whenever a conductor cuts the
magnetic field an EMF is generated in the conductor.
2nd law :-
The amount of EMF generated in the
coil is directly proportional to the rate of change in flux.
Electromagnetic Induction:-
Self-induced EMF:-
Whenever an alternating
supply is given to a coil a changing magnetic field is produced in coil, this
changing magnetic field links with the same coil and an EMF is induced in the
same coil. This is called self-induced EMF.
Mutually-induced EMF:-
Whenever an alternating
supply is given to primary coil a changing magnetic field is produced in coil,
this changing magnetic field links with the secondary coil and an EMF is produced
in the secondary coil. This is known mutually-induced EMF.
Note:- The changing magnetic
field will also links with the primary & produces self-induced EMF.
Working
of transformer:-
The transformer
consists of a rectangular frame made up of magnetic material (iron or silicon
steel). A copper winding is wound on the limbs of the magnetic core. The
winding is connected to the AC supply is called primary winding having N1 number
of turns while the winding connected to the load is called secondary winding
having N2 number of turns.
(Here N1 and
N2 are the number of turns)
When an AC current flows through the
primary coil of X’mer a changing magnetic field is produced in the winding.
This changing magnetic field travels through the core and links with the
secondary coil to induce a EMF in the secondary coil. As the number of turns of
secondary is less than primary coil so the induced current has a low voltage
than primary. This is how a transformer works.
Transformer
and its Construction:-
The basic parts of transformer consist
of laminated core, windings, insulating material, X’mer oil, Oil conservator, breather,
radiator and buccgolz relay.
1.
Laminated core:-
The core acts as a
support to the winding of a transformer and provides a no reluctance path to
the flow of magnetic flux. The core is laminated & made up of soft iron to
reduce eddy & hysteresis. (Eddy & hysteresis are the losses in X’mer).
2.
Windings:-
The windings are made
up of copper materials which are insulated from each other. The winding
consists of several turns of copper conductors bundled together.
3.
Insulating material:-
Insulating paper &
cardboard are used in X’mer to isolate primary & secondary windings from
each other and core of X’mer.
4.
Transformer oil:-
Transformer oil
performs two functions:
· Additional insulating
function
· Cooling of transformer.
5.
Oil conservator:-
The oil conservator
conserves the X’mer oil, which allows oil to expand and contract as temperature
varies. It is an air tight metallic cylinder drum fitted above transformer
& connected to the main tank through the pipe.
6.
Breather:-
The breather controls
the moisture level of the X’mer arising due to the contraction of insulating
oil. The contraction of insulating oil can cause the pressure to change which is
balanced by the flow of atmospheric layer in & out of conservator. The
breather is a cylindrical container filled with silica gel which absorbs the
air’s moisture which acts as a moisture absorber.
7.
Radiator:-
The radiator is the
cooling tubes used to circulate the X’mer oil for the purpose of cooling.
8.
Buchholz relay:-
Buchholz relay is the
protective device which senses the fault occurring inside the gas emitted
during the decomposition of X’mer oil during internal fault.
I hope you like my explanation about the
transformer. Please like, share, and comment in my blog. For any doubts comment
down or E-mail at dhananjaypatil06072001@gmail.com.
The working and construction has been explained very neatly and nicely.
ReplyDeleteVery Important post .We read your post . working of Working of Transformer to all factory.
ReplyDeleteThanks for the feedback mr. Md faruk ....
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