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WORKING OF DC ELECTRIC MOTOR

Working of DC Electric Motor:-

What is a DC electric motor?
An electric motor is an electronic device which converts the electrical energy into the mechanical energy.





Principle of a DC electric motor:-

The electric motor works on the principle that the current passed through a conductor which is placed in a magnetic field will experience a jerk or a force.

Fleming’s left hand rule:-
As shown in the figure stretch your forefinger, center finger and the thumb such they are perfectly perpendicular to each other. Suppose if your forefinger shows the direction of the magnetic field and the center finger shows the direction of the current, then the thumb will point towards the direction of motion of the conductor.

Working of DC electric motor:-
When the current is passed the coil ABCD, the arm AB and CD experiences a force. According to Fleming’s left hand rule the force experienced by arm AB is in the upward direction and arm CD in the downward direction. Both these forces are equal and opposite. This force rotates the coil in clockwise direction until the coil is vertical. At this position the contact between commutator (C1 & C2) and brushes (B1 & B2) breaks. So the supply of current to the coil is cut off. Thus no force acts on the coil. But the dose not stops due to inertia. It goes on rotating until the commutator again comes in the contact with the
brushes B1 and B2. Again, the current starts passing through the coil and the AB arm rotates through 90,180,270 and 360 degrees. Now the force acting on the arm AB is in downward direction and arm CD is upward. Again this force moves the coil in clockwise direction.
          Thus, the coil rotates with the help of electrical energy. The coil of DC motor continues to rotate in the same direction.

Want to learn practically?
          It’s very easy to learn practically than that if theoretically. So to understand the above concept practically here is a model of working of DC motor. I personally recommend you to try it. 

It’s a fun to do. Just follow the steps given below:-
The things you needed are:-
     
     A battery (2.5v approx.), a switch, clay, two safety pins or anything like that, and steel wire (15cm long).
1.    Take two safety pins and mount it perpendicularly, such that the holes should be on upper side.
2.    Connect both safety pins to a battery.

3.  Place a disc magnet between the two safety pins as shown.
4. Now take a copper wire and make minimum of 10-20 loops as shown in the image.
5. Now close the circuit and place the magnet such that it is perpendicular to the direction of current.
6.    And observe the motion of conductor.







I hope that you liked my above explanation about the electric motor. If you have any queries regarding electric motor just mention it in the comments or E-mail me on dhananjaypatil06072001@gmail.com. Thank you! 
Location: Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

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