Working Of An Electric Generator

Working of Generator:-

What is a generator?

An electric device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is called an electric generator.

OR

It is a device that converts one form of energy into another, especially mechanical energy into electrical energy, as a dynamo, or electrical energy into sound, as an acoustic generator.

Principle of an electric generator:-

Electric generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When the coil of electric generator cuts the magnetic field, the magnetic field induces a current in the coil. This induced current then flows through the circuit connected to the coil.

Types of Generators:-

       1.  AC generator.

       2.  DC generator.

Electromagnetic Induction:-

If a metallic conductor is moving inside a magnetic field or magnetic field is changing or not stable around a fixed conductor, a current is generated in that conductor. This was studied by the Michael Faraday. Michael Faraday is known as the father of electromagnetism.

The process, by which a changing magnetic field in a conductor induces an electric current in another conductor, is called as electromagnetic induction.

Fleming’s right hand rule:-

Stretch your forefinger, middle finger and the thumb of the right hand such that they are mutually perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger shows the direction of the magnetic field and the thumb shows the direction of the motion of conductor, the middle finger will show the direction of induced current.

1. AC Generator:-

When the coil ABCD is rotated manually or by any external force in the magnetic field provided by the strong magnets, it cuts the magnetic lines of force. Thus, the changing magnetic field produces induced current in the coil. The direction of induced current is determined by the Fleming’s right hand rule.

        The current flows out through the brush B1 in one direction in the first half of the revolution and through the brush B2 in the next half revolution. In the reverse direction, this process is repeated. Therefore, the induced current produced in the coil is of alternating nature. Such a current is called as alternating current.

2. DC generator (dynamo):-

When the coil ABCD of DC generator is rotated manually or by any external force in the magnetic field, potential difference is produced in the coil. This gives rise to the flow if current. This is shown by glowing of or by the galvanometer in the circuit. In the DC generator, the flow of the current in the circuit is in the same direction as long as the coil rotates in the magnetic field. This is because one brush is always in contact with the arm of the armature moving up and the other brush is in the contact with the arm of the armature moving downward in the magnetic field.

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